Sewerage in the country: features of device selection and installation

Any city dweller appreciates comfort and convenience in everything. However, for many people, good conditions are important, not only in the apartment or private house, but also in the country. This is where you can face a common problem - the lack of central sewage. The resolution of this task remains for the owners of the country house. Today we look at what types of sewers exist, as well as learn how their installation.

Sewerage in the conditions of the suburban area is necessary for the collection, treatment and removal of sewage, which remain in the course of human use of water for both hygienic and economic purposes. The same list includes the fluid intended for the treatment of feces. That is why the sewer system for giving is considered one of the most important elements of improvement.

The scheme of action of such communication systems is quite simple. Wastewater from baths, sinks and sinks, together with flushing of feces, forms waste, which is discharged through an internal pipeline beyond the boundaries of the house itself to the courtyard half. Only after this, the wastewater is sent straight to the street sewer network.

If there is no centralized drain on the territory, then the only right decision would be to install a sewage system for waste disposal. If in the provided conditions such option was chosen, then you need to bear in mind that there are sewers of various modifications.

It's no secret that the issue of sewage in the conditions of a country house is very relevant. Such communications, along with water supply, are among the most important components of the project, which should not be forgotten. Many users decide to “give up” to carry out such work, wanting to save. Of course, it will be possible to save a certain amount of money this way, but over time, the problem of lack of sewage system will still have to be resolved.The ideal solution in this case is the installation of an autonomous system.

Such structures are good in that they independently neutralize various kinds of organic compounds. In this case, you can do without the use of aggressive chemical components. In most cases, the device of such erections involves the involvement of natural organisms that are part of wildlife.

To date, there are several varieties of suburban sewers. Each structure has its own distinctive features and features of the gasket. These factors can not be ignored during the installation work.

To build such communication systems can be independently. Of course, such works cannot be called very simple, but you can cope with them if you follow the instructions and use quality tools / materials.

Few people know that summer sewers are divided into several separate subtypes.They have many differences, consisting in a variety of areas. Consider in detail what types of sewer systems in the country exist.

The category of internal systems includes all the elements that are located in the inner part of the house. Simply put, we are talking about the places in which plumbing, risers and highways are connected. This system ends with an element such as a nozzle, which in most cases is located in the lower part of the structure (at the very foundation). If the sewage system in the country is made in the form of a cesspool, then an internal type system will be absent.

As for the external system, there are in its composition as pipes along which drains leave the residential structure, as well as facilities designed to accumulate and purify wastewater.

Disposal of waste with such a facility is considered the most simple. This version of the sewer system can not be called the most reliable and practical. Cesspools are good only because of their cheapness, which makes them very common.

However, these structures have a number of serious drawbacks, which should not be forgotten:

• first of all, with such a system, households will have to strictly limit water consumption in a country house, which in such a situation can become a big problem;
• with such a system, the plot at the dacha will be polluted, since it is most likely that it will not be possible to achieve complete tightness, and a certain proportion of the effluent will fall into the ground;
• homeowners who have installed such systems on their plots claim that they emanate a strong and unpleasant odor;
• cesspools are subject to all sorts of emergency situations due to a not very thoughtful device;
• if a clay type soil occurs at the dacha, then such a system cannot simply be mounted;
• finding this system eliminates the possibility of constructing a well for the extraction of table water;
• the need for regular pumping of waste;
• it will be necessary to provide convenient access for the corresponding equipment.

If earlier cesspools were built at dachas quite often, today their popularity is rapidly fading due to the large number of flaws.Currently, there are more practical and environmentally friendly communication systems that many homeowners choose.

The essence of such a structure is similar to a cesspool - waste accumulates in a special container and is pumped out from time to time. However, storage facilities are different from the pits in that they are completely sealed. As a rule, these types of containers are made of strong fiberglass.

The main positive qualities of these objects are:

• a wide choice of overall parameters (the volume of capacity can be from 3 to 120 cubic meters);
• high tightness;
• possibility of installation under the ground;
• with such structures, the soil at the dacha is not exposed to pollution;
• when using fiberglass tanks, you can not worry about the fact that they begin to rot;
• such containers are lightweight;

• fiberglass vessels "are not afraid" of mechanical damage;
• fiberglass containers are not afraid of changes in temperature values;
• exposure to chemicals also does not damage plastic containers;
• deposits do not accumulate on the surface of accumulation facilities;
• such systems serve for a very long time.

Septic tanks are a special system consisting of several tanks combined with each other. There may be two, three or more. It is in the first tank that the effluent is sent, which is then settled and processed with the help of bacteria. Residues that have not been dissolved, sink to the bottom, and the water goes up. When the waste arrives once again, the level becomes higher, the settled liquid is sent to the next tank, which is inhabited by other bacteria that complete the cleaning.

From the second compartment of the septic tank it is possible to bring the liquid into the ground for subsequent filtration. It becomes almost pure.

The design of the septic tank is quite simple. In addition, it is not subject to any damage.However, such devices have one serious disadvantage - they are quite voluminous, and when they are equipped, it is necessary to allocate a separate place for filtering (places where water will be diverted). In addition, a couple of times a year, the septic tank will need to be cleaned of sediment that has not dissolved.

The main advantages of a mechanical septic tank are:

• non-volatility;
• simple device;
• lack of pollution on the dacha;
• possibility of hidden location.

As for the shortcomings of such systems, it is worth noting:

• the need for annual inspection;
• when rebooting, the processes in such a system slow down greatly, and an unpleasant odor occurs;
• drains remain in the drainage system, so it will need to be updated.

In most cases, biological wastewater treatment plants are used for centralized sewer systems in cottage settlements. This kind of sewage system is very effective for suburban construction, as it does not contribute to environmental pollution, and also does not need regular technical inspections.

Biological cleaning is not much different from mechanical septic tanks. Such systems have the same principle of operation. The only difference is that the first options are complemented by an aerotank and a special biofilter. Thanks to these useful components, the purified water is sent to the reservoir. Biological structures are contained in a closed building without unnecessary joints and connections.

Due to the biological cleaning in the septic tank accumulate and decompose all fat deposits. As a result, 3 layers are formed. The last of them goes to the aerotank and is stirred with silt. Sediments in such systems decompose more rapidly, since oxygen blowing is used.

The main advantages of such a high-tech and sophisticated sewage are:

• durability;
• high degree of purification - up to 97%;
• not the most difficult installation (these systems need not be installed far from residential buildings on the summer cottage);
• minimum of decomposing substances;
• functioning without unpleasant odor.

Biological cleaning is one of the most expensive types of the country sewerage. However, it is worth noting that such a system pays off due to the lack of maintenance and impressive service life.

LOS and AU are local stations of purification or installations operating in automatic mode (automatic installations). The principle of their work is the same as that of a septic tank, but they are distinguished by their modest size and high-tech electronic “stuffing”, designed for convenient and precise control. It should be borne in mind that these sewage options operate only in the presence of electricity and are volatile. In standalone mode, such systems can work no more than 4 hours.

The small dimensions of the VOC limit the one-time selection of stocks. For example, when you flush the bath, you should not flush the toilet. In addition, these systems are distinguished by a fairly high price.

Experts say that universal structures, which are suitable for both large and small families, are sewage systems assembled from concrete rings (sometimes plastic barrels or tires are used instead of them - it's cheaper). Such systems are great for summer cottages. In addition, the waste from them will not have to pump yourself.

The main advantages of such structures are:

• long service life;
• inexpensive installation;
• unpretentiousness in the process of application;
• the ability to cope with impressive volumes of plums;
• You can do it yourself, without referring to specialists.

However, such systems have their weaknesses, for example:

• the presence of an unpleasant odor;
• the inability to build a hermetic structure;
• the need to clean such facilities from solid waste using a vacuum truck.

If you decide to save money and plan to use plastic barrels instead of concrete rings, then you should take into account that they have very little weight. Because of this, winter frosts or floods can push them out. To avoid such unpleasant consequences, tanks made of plastic in a self-made construction should be fixed on a previously prepared basis with the help of reliable cables.

This solution is as simple and fast as possible, even if you compare it with a sump. However, it is recommended to consider such an option only as a temporary one, since the issue of eliminating wastewater will remain open. In addition, from the toilets usually come not the most pleasant aromas.

As you can see, there are quite a few options for arranging the sewage system for the suburban area, so most homeowners ask the reasonable question, which construction is better to choose.

Selecting a suitable autonomous sewer for a country house, you should not only pay attention to the reviews of other users, but also rely on other important criteria.

• The main purpose of construction. As a rule, a dacha is a facility for temporary residence, therefore, it is necessary to choose systems that can operate with long downtime for it. For example, it can be a cesspool of accumulative type of estimated volume.
• Dimensions of the site, as well as geology. In small areas will not be able to use septic tanks with underground filters. Options with a filter-well will also not work if the site has high-level groundwater.
• Volume of waste and their discharge. This parameter should be calculated based on the number of residents and guests in the house. Having clarified these indicators, you can opt for a suitable level of performance of the structure, which is usually indicated in technical documents.
• Budget.If you are not ready to spend large sums, then high-tech systems will not work for you. You can refer to the budget options, but you should always consider their weaknesses.

Before proceeding to the installation of a sewer system at the dacha, it should be a clear scheme.

The plan should reflect:

• drain springs in the summer house (shower, sink, bath, toilet and other similar objects);
• method of connection, as well as the laying of pipes for domestic sewage;
• plot sewage from the residential building to the street;
• the route of the highway responsible for the discharge of effluent;
• the path and location of the sewer.

When all the drawings are ready, many important features will be clear, such as:

• approximate amount of work to be done;
• what supplies you need and in what volume;
• can cope with the installation of their own or have to seek the services of professionals.

You can install a sewer system at your summer cottage yourself.

Consider the technology of such works on the example of the construction of concrete rings.

• In a certain area, reflected in the plan, you need to dig a hole, the depth of which will be about 2-3 rings, along with the neck. About 30–40 cm should be added to the height parameter of the structure (15–20 cm for sand and 25–20 cm for gravel for the base).
• The length of the pit should be such that it accommodates 2 tanks, combined with a short overflow.
• Do not take the soil from the site, because it will be needed for backfilling. Often the remains are used for the manufacture of various decorative objects of the landscape, for example, flower beds.
• Then you can proceed to the installation of concrete rings. They should be put on each other. At the same time, these details should be fixed with special brackets in the joints. Do not forget about sealing rings, using special gaskets.
• Modern manufacturers have made it very simple to install the lowermost ring of the storage tank - they have introduced a special element that has a deaf bottom. Such an addition does not need excessive weighting.

• On the specified part put a couple more items, and then close the overlap with a hole. In the upper part they expose the neck and construct a technolyuk with a lid.
• During these works, no extra accurate calculations will be required. Workpiece dimensions are standard. In addition, the manufacturer always has the opportunity to find out how much waste a selected set of parts is designed for.
• After that, the resulting concrete septic tank, assembled from individual elements, must be supplemented with waterproofing material. To this end, a protective coating is most often used on both sides or only on the outside (only the seams are trimmed inside).
• Today on the market there are special materials of deep penetration, which are superior to bituminous spreads in their properties. However, they are more expensive.
• Now you can begin to connect the system to the pipes. The assembled structure is assembled and connected to the pipe, which follows from the country house. To this end, in the rings of concrete make a hole for overflow (short pipe), and then a similar hole for the entrance of the sewer line. All components must be hermetically connected and covered with waterproofing material. Then carry out the withdrawal of the riser.
• To check the performance of the resulting structure, as well as to ensure its high-quality tightness, the first tank should be filled with water.After that, at the moment when the first drains are in the accumulator, it is possible to apply a biological activator in order to make the waste processing more productive.

In summer houses, simple outdoor toilets with dug fecal pits are often organized. Such facilities can not be called the most convenient and practical to use, so most modern homeowners abandon them in favor of modern communication systems. However, such booths can be used as temporary or additional facilities. They are made not only from wood, but also from opaque polycarbonate sheets. Such erections can be given a very interesting look. For example, wooden street toilets are often made in the form of caskets with carved details.

A great solution in the conditions of an elite cottage settlement will be LOS, which can easily serve several large houses at once. Of course, such facilities are not so common. More common are budgetary septic tanks, which are great for sites with an area of ​​6-15 acres.

If you do not want to use concrete rings, then instead of them you can use not only plastic, but also metal barrels. Such structures are considered strong and durable, so they can be safely mounted on the dacha. However, we should not forget about the anticorrosion treatment of such objects - then they will last longer.

Note that the internal sewage system cannot be installed without elements such as water traps. For their arrangement apply special siphons or knees. They will not allow unpleasant smells to penetrate into the inside of a private house.

If the pipeline will lie under the tracks, which carry an impressive load force, it is better to choose cast-iron structures.

Never lay a highway with a high angle. Excessive movement of waste can have a negative impact on the self-cleaning function of the pipe.

In order to pump out drains as rarely as possible, it is worth buying a special tool, which contains cultured bacteria. They will allow major run-offs to decompose as soon as possible, reduce the strength of the characteristic odor, and also increase the rate of discharge of clarified effluents into the ground.

To give, it is recommended to install a separate system equipment, which is responsible for the cleaning of wastewater and at the same time requires modest monetary and labor costs.

On the basis of sanitary and construction standards, the sewer pit should be located at a distance of more than 5 m from residential buildings. It is advisable to build a pit in a low-lying area so that the flow of waste occurs easier and faster.

How to install an autonomous sewer in the country, see the video below.