Filtration of water using homemade devices

Clean water has always been necessary for man, but the more technologies develop, the worse it affects the quality of the water system. Man began to struggle with pollution long ago, for which a wide variety of filters and devices were invented, but they may not be affordable for the common man. Those who want to have purified water, have the opportunity to filter it with homemade filters.

A water purification filter is a device with which it is possible to remove various impurities, particles that do not dissolve in it, chlorine and pathogenic viruses and microbes.

In the home environment, you can use three types of filters:

• plain;
• with an average degree of purification;
• with the highest degree of purification.

You can apply filters:

• at home: in the apartment, in a private house in order to purify drinking water and the main;
• in industry;
• in tourism;
• for aquariums.

Wherever the filter is used, it has a specific structure that allows you to effectively deal with water pollution. To make the filtering mechanism yourself, you need to know what exactly this will require and how to assemble it into a single whole.

Water purification is a necessary measure of modern life, because the impact on the nature of the various factors of human activity significantly influenced its quality and purity. It is best to cope with the problem of filters that can be installed both at home and in the enterprise of any scale.

Water purification in the filter is performed by passing through a certain number of stages., and the more of them, the cleaner will be the resulting product. At the first stage of purification, mechanical filtration is carried out, when rather large elements are removed from the water, clogging it up.Through the next stage, the chemical medium is exposed to a liquid, and the last level will be a carbon cartridge, passing through which water becomes completely drinkable.

Most of the filter elements are cartridges that have their own gradation:

• Mechanical. It is used to remove sand, mechanical suspensions, and rust. Composition - polypropylene.
• Carbonic. It helps to remove substances of organic and inorganic origin, removes unpleasant odors, affects the color of water. Composition - activated or pressed carbon.
• Softening Soften water by removing heavy metals from it. Composition - Na-cationic resin.
• Glandular. Helps to clear water from hydrogen sulphide, improve pH, eliminate taste and smell of metal. Composition - two calcite deposits.

Due to the variety of cartridges they can be used for different functions, which, in turn, leads to the need to use different devices for this.

Filter jugs - the most common option in the case where drinking water is of poor quality. The scheme of their work is very simple, and the price is not big, because almost everyone can afford this option.The filter material is a carbon cartridge that can handle only 500 liters of water, after which it needs to be replaced. There are specialized and versatile options. In the specialized there are supplements that make the water softer, removing iron from it and adding fluorine.

In the nozzles on the cranes are also installed carbon cartridges. Their peculiarity is the low water pressure that must pass through the pipes, otherwise the system will be inefficient.

Separate installations perform work after they are connected to water pipes with a flexible hose.

To produce water disinfection, it is best to use an ultraviolet filter, which can be used only after preliminary mechanical cleaning. In addition to ordinary drinking, there is also rainwater, which can also be effectively used. Due to pollution, it is often unsuitable, but with the help of filters it can be applied in a wide variety of fields and for any tasks. Filters in this case, you need two - one primary, for screening out large debris, and the second - for more thorough filtration and obtaining usable water.

In order to make the filter yourself, you need to have certain knowledge and properly apply them in practice. First of all, you should take care of a suitable container for the future filter, which will include all the components. It should be large enough to accommodate everything comfortably. Quartz sand, quarry washed sand or activated carbon, gravel and zeolite can be used as a filtering agent for an improvised filter.

To create the first layer that will cope with large dirt, you need to pick up cotton fabric, but its use has its drawbacks: it quickly clogs, rotting begins inside, an unpleasant smell appears. To avoid such problems, it is better to take synthetic material - lutrasil, which is not so terrible moisture and it does not clog too quickly.

The use of quartz sand will be indispensable at the stage of delaying small particles and filtering heavy metals. The use of gravel will help to screen out large particles of unnecessary elements in the water.With the help of zeolite, you can easily cope with a metal and salt suspension, in addition, it helps to fight pesticides and other harmful substances used in industry.

The highest quality filter that tap water can pass through is coal. Self-made devices allow you to delay mineral formations and toxic substances with the same productivity. In addition, thanks to the effects of coal, the water becomes transparent and any odors are neutralized. Choosing activated carbon for the filter, it is best to take it in granular form, because the powder version will fall into the water, and large particles will filter the water for a long time.

If there is no filter at hand, but you need to somehow clean the water with your own hands, you can use a number of methods that will show very good results:

• Boiling. With the help of it you can get rid of harmful microorganisms,although a side effect is an increase in the amount of salts that fall to the bottom of the vessel.
• Upholding helps to get rid of volatile chlorine and other impurities. It is necessary to carry out such activities for at least 8 hours, and after the time has elapsed, pour the water gently and not raise the sediment. The water tank is important from time to time to wash well with soap to remove residues of harmful substances, and the water, even when separated, does not need to be stored for more than 3 days.

• Silver. You can use a simple spoon of this material, which should be well washed and placed in a small decanter. After water is poured into it, you need to wait just a day and you can use the purified liquid. The use of silver coins for such purposes is impractical due to impurities and small size.
• Ionizer It looks like a chain with a figure at the end, which is dipped into water, where the ion-exchange process takes place, and the chain itself is on the glass. So the water should stand for some time, after which it can be drunk.

• Freezing - This is the easiest and most affordable way to purify water. For the procedure, you need a bottle in which water is drawn, but not to the very edge, it is twisted with a lid and placed in the freezer.Just wait six hours and take the bottle out of the fridge. As soon as the ice melts, you can drink water.
• Shungite - This is a special stone, which is placed in a carafe of water, infused. After that, the water is ready for use.

• The use of activated carbon tabletswhich are crushed and wrapped in cheesecloth. You also need a plastic bottle in which you need to cut off the spout and put a layer of gauze into it, then wrapped coal and again a layer of gauze. The resulting homemade filter is inserted into the bottle into which you can pour water.
• Magnets. You can use several of the same magnets, which will provide a uniform magnetic field in a homemade filter. In addition, it is necessary to have fittings with gaskets, of which the access system is constructed for water treatment. Magnetic filter helps to soften the water and minimize the amount of scale on the dishes.

Making any of the options is easy, the main thing is to have the right ingredients at hand and use them properly. Although the methods are diverse, but they have a similar principle - it is the disposal of water from unnecessary and harmful components that adversely affect the human body.

In addition to the aforementioned jug filters and tap fittings, there is also a separate type of device. They can be installed under the sink or put on the main pipe, which helps not only to clean the water, but also to extend the life of all plumbing in the house.

There are also devices such as:

• Prefilter The installation site is a water pipe, the goal is to protect household appliances from debris and dirt, which low-quality water carries. The design has the form of a mesh, which from time to time you need to wash.

• Purifier or cooler. This device, which is located separately and can purify water, heat it or cool it. The quality of this water is very high, even better than bottled.
• Tourist filterswhich can be useful in a hike or travel. A special feature is the ability to clean the liquid from any container.
• Nanofilter - incorporate a semipermeable membrane, the pores of which are practically the same as the water molecules, which allows you to effectively clean the water.

In addition, there are filter options such as:

• Mechanical - they help to remove suspended particles in water with the help of nets and fibrous and porous polymeric materials.
• Ion-exchangers, containing synthetic resins in their composition, the principle of action of which is water softening by ionizing heavy metals with fluorides.

• Physico-chemical, which help to remove impurities that dissolve well by means of sorption. when interacting with clay, ash, peat and slags, water is purified from unnecessary chemical elements. Best of all, activated carbon handles the task.
• Electric or ultraviolet, which allow you to clean the water with the help of ozone. Viruses and microbes are destroyed with the help of the ecofield.
• Reverse osmosis, working by flowing water under pressure through a membrane with small pores, in which all harmful elements settle.

A homemade filter can be made from different components, but the most effective is the one that contains activated carbon, which is why it is worth considering the principle of its manufacture in more detail. The first stage is the search for a suitable body for the product, which may be a plastic bottle.

The order of work is as follows:

• cut the bottom of the bottle;
• make holes in the cap;
• in a bottle folded gauze or cloth, which must be folded in several layers;
• on the bottom layer you need to pour activated carbon, about 7 cm for a five-liter bottle; the bottom layer should have a powdery consistency, and the top - granular;
• sand poured into the sand up to eight centimeters;
• pebbles of small size are poured on the sand.

So you can make a fully working filter that is suitable for giving or any other use case. It is important to know that the cleaning process will take a long time, because the filtering device is suspended near the water source.

You can make a filtering device with the help of scrap materials and the purchased item, for which you need:

• find a 1.5- or 2-liter plastic bottle and cut it into two parts at the place where the product changes its shape;
• the purchase filter is inserted into the upper part of the bottle with its bottom side; the tip of the nose with the cap is cut off along the edge of the plastic object;
• the filter is passed through the upper part of the bottle, cut off from both sides;
• the finished structure must be lowered into the base of the jar, which will be the finished filter.

This option can be easily used in nature and in the field, the main thing is to have two main elements of the product with you. There may be a lot of options on how exactly a cleaning part for water can be made, but it is important to check their operation and the absence of harm, after which you can safely use the device.

The water in the pipes almost everywhere polluted flows, so you can not drink it from the water supply system. To clean it, you need to install filters on the highways at home. Professional equipment for filtering is quite expensive, because it is easier to make such a device at home, especially since you do not need to invent something complicated or buy expensive items. Filtering this kind of device consists in passing through layers of different components that affect the water, cleans it and depriving it of harmful qualities and endowing it with useful ones.

As fillers for homemade filters, you can use fabric, cotton wool, gauze, paper napkins, sand, grass, coal and lutraxyl. The first versions of materials clean the water well, but often get clogged up and need constant replacement of the contents, but if you need to urgently filter the water, then this is a great and affordable option.

Using a purchased filter in the country is not always convenient, because such equipment must receive water under a certain pressure that will be stable, which is rare. If you buy a jug filter, it will purify water for a very long time, moreover, you will often need to replace cartridges. In view of these circumstances, it is the homemade device that will be the best option for giving.

If the country house has a working water supply, then you can install a three-column filter from the store or make it yourself. The advantage of professional options is that they have a wider range of tasks and can simultaneously cope with various kinds of pollution. In addition, for a kitchen or bathroom, where there is very little space, it is best to buy just such equipment, because home-made options are much larger in size.

Choosing a filter option, you should consider the frequency of water use, pressure in the system, the amount of moisture that will pass through the device every day.Homemade versions are used for occasional use and a small displacement. If you need to clean the water in the apartment, then it will be safer and safer to use a purchase filter. Purification of water is an important component of human health, and do not neglect it.

How else can you clean the water at home, see the following video.