What is a staircase with zabezhny steps?

Zabazhnie ladders today are quite relevant type of structures. It often happens that the area of ​​the room does not always allow for the installation of an ordinary one-way stair. But there is a way out - it is a zabiezhnaya ladder, divided into two marches with a section of a spiral staircase between them.

This design is different and convenient, and practical, and just looks stylish and modern.

The principle that any building structure in a house should meet is, first of all, safety. But also the structure should be comfortable in its use. Runways are one of the complex structures that must fully comply with these two principles. It is necessary to highlight the main technical requirements that are peculiar to this type of design.

• The main thing in the installation of flight ladders is proportions. The steps of the ladder should be located at a clearly equal distance from each other on the whole staircase. Usually the distance between them starts from 100 mm and does not exceed 160 mm.

• Much attention is paid to the depth of the entry leg. Experts recommend an approximate distance on narrow sections of 100 mm. In the central part, the depth dimensions should be approximately 200 mm, and in wide sections the parameters of the depth of the step should not exceed 400 mm.
• For any staircase, it is imperative to provide quality fencing. Over-the-top construction is no exception to the rule Typically, the height of the stair railing ranges from 900 mm to 1200 mm.

• In zabezhnyh designs, the parameters of the width of the flight of stairs should begin from 900 mm. In principle, this parameter will depend on the design and individual characteristics of a particular staircase model. If necessary, this figure can be increased.
• For the height of the free passage for a person, a range of 1900–2000 mm is established. This is also an individual indicator, which is set depending on a person’s height. Taking the growth rate to it must be added 100 mm.This will be the optimal parameter for the height of the passage.

• The angle of inclination of the ladder should not exceed 45 degrees. This indicator is the maximum angle of inclination. The most convenient and optimal angle is about 30 degrees.
• On average, the number of steps on the staircase ranges from 15 to 18 pieces.
• The runner must withstand a lot of weight, be stable and made of wear-resistant and durable materials.
• Approximate overhangs on such stairs should not exceed 5 mm.

Taking into account all the above technical requirements for the flight of stairs, the design will be safe and comfortable for its purpose. And also it is worth noting the basic requirements of GOST, imposed on this type of stairs, namely:

• the depth of the step must not exceed 40 cm;
• the minimum depth of the step should be 10 cm;
• the depth of the center of the step should be about 20 cm;
• the height of the ceiling above the stairs should not be less than two meters.

There are several main types of flight ladders that are worth noting.

• Spiral Transit Ladders. This option of a zabezhnaya design is one of the most compact and aesthetic.
• L-shaped ladders are a construction with a rotation of 90 degrees. This option is also quite compact and takes up little space.

• U-shaped stairs - this is an intake structure, fully deployed by 180 degrees.
• Curved stairs - These are the types of structures that have the most smooth lines of turns.

• Stairs on monocosoure differ in simple design. The construction of this structure is located on one support beam, that is, on one skirting, which is located in the middle of the steps.
• Ladders on bowstrings slightly different from the previous version, but similar in design principle. In this case, the steps of the stairs are held by two wooden bowstrings. A wooden string is usually additionally fastened on the opposite side with a metal bar for greater reliability.

Each of these types of construction has its own advantage, but they are all compact and save space in a residential area. As well as the location of the front steps may be different.They can be located at the bottom or at the top of the staircase, as well as in the middle of the flight of stairs.

Zabiezhnye stairs have a number of advantages and disadvantages. Their positive features include the following:

• compactness and space saving. Quite often, tenants face the problem of placing an ordinary straight staircase to the second floor due to lack of space. The staircase does not require a large amount of space and fits into almost any room due to its small size;

• appearance. The staircases look very stylish and modern. This adds aesthetics to the entire room;
• depending on the model much less materials may be requiredthan for full straight construction;
• such stairs have smooth turnthat is very convenient when moving;
• variety of materials. Stairs of this type can be made from almost any material.

Among the minuses are the following aspects:

• because of their compactness on the model under consideration, several people are unlikely to be able to disperse;
• the design features of these structures are quite complex, for this reason it is difficult for them to make calculations.

Considering that the staircase is a rather complicated construction due to its specific features, it is necessary to take special responsibility in the preliminary drawing up of drawings and the exact conclusion of all calculations so that the staircase is comfortable and safe. You should consider the area of ​​the room and decide on the dimensions of the structure itself. After this, the following steps are performed:

• first you need to clearly define the place where the structure will be located;
• measure the height from the floor to the second floor as accurately as possible, as well as the width of the staircase

• Careful attention must be paid to measurement-based drawings. It is necessary to note even the exact number of steps;
• it is necessary to decide what type of construction will be used, what type of building materials will be used.

To date, it is not at all necessary to make plans and drawings for the future construction independently.There are several convenient ways to do this and save time and effort. For example, you can use the design programs for the construction of various structures. These are different applications and sites where you can clearly calculate the amount of materials and other details.

Also, when calculating the size of the stairs, you can resort to using online calculators. This is one of the most convenient ways to create a drawing of a zabezhnoy design. These programs allow you to make the necessary calculations and adjust the specified values. Programs are fully automated. They give an approximate design of the structure based on the given values.

Quite often, when calculating sizes, it is necessary to use the method of proportions. Most often it is used in the design of L-shaped and U-shaped stairs. In such cases, the following steps are taken:

• the middle of the march along which the line is drawn is marked on the drawing. Then on this straight line are marked segments that are equal to the width of the step;
• there is a border between straight and overpass steps;

• it is necessary to clearly note the middle of the turntable of the ladder along which the segment is being carried;
• from the line that defines the middle of the turning part, it is necessary to postpone about half the size of the drive-in steps;
• from the estimated number of steps should take away the number of direct steps obtained from the drawing. At the same time, the depth of tread is controlled in the middle sections of the march. If this figure is less than the recommended, then the number of steps should be reduced.

To date, stair designs are made of virtually any material. They can be wooden, and metal, and glass, and concrete. A combination of different materials is often used. Typically, the bearing frame of the staircase is made of metal, and the steps can be wooden or glass.

Of course, the classic and most popular option is wood.Such designs are beautiful, and are notable for ease compared to the same metal structures.

It can be noted a number of major difficulties encountered in the process of installation of stairs.

• Particular attention should be paid to the quality of the material. The selection of substandard products will make the stairs short-lived and unsafe. Therefore, it is worthwhile to familiarize yourself with all the accompanying documents and visually inspect the material for damage and other defects.
• Considering that the staircase is a rather complicated construction, it is worth remembering about the error. It is necessary to have some carpentry tools to fit the details of the structure.

In order to install a wooden staircase, the following tools should be prepared in advance:

• electric drill;
• jigsaw (preferably electric);
• screwdriver;
• roulette wheel;

• circular saw;
• self-tapping screws;
• iron corners;
• hammer;
• pencil.

Despite the fact that building a flight of stairs to the second floor is not so easy,but you can do it yourself. For the manufacture of the staircase do-it-yourself should follow the step-by-step instructions.

• First you need to start making kosour future ladder. To do this, on the selected material make a template that has a triangular shape. In this case, school knowledge of geometry will be useful. The legs of this triangle must be strictly equal to the depth and height of the step. With this template it will be very convenient to make a markup and cut kosour. To cut it is worth using a circular saw.

• It is necessary in the post, on which the kosour will be mounted, to hollow out a special groove. This groove should include a kosour.
• Attention should be paid to the turning part of the stairs. In this case, the base is mounted on the wall for pivotal steps.
• It is necessary to fix the kosouri at the top of the stairs. For their fastening fit metal corners. It is necessary to fix them so that the strings are strictly opposite each other. Then the future ladder will be flat.

• It is necessary to start cutting out the stair steps for the stairs.Specifically, for the zabezhnoy part, you need about three or four steps. To cut them you will need a wooden panel, which is divided into the required number of parts. For this you need to draw lines that come from one corner of a wooden panel.
• Adjustable length steps so that they are equal.
• You can do the lacquering steps before installation, which will be much more convenient. Usually varnish is applied on the steps in three layers.

• You can proceed to the full assembly of the entire structure. Grooves are also cut out for fastening the steps in the pole. They should not be made too wide, otherwise the steps will not hold.
• You can additionally lubricate the treads with glue and fix them with self-tapping screws. Ordinary steps are also fastened with self-tapping screws.
• It is necessary to proceed to the installation of the railing design. There are several options for mounting them. You can simply screw them to the stairs with screws.

• After installing the railing posts, it is necessary to precisely trim them.For this, a cord is fastened on the first and last pillar, which is stretched along all the posts. The tension on the cord marks the level at which the bars are cut.
• After trimming, a handrail is fastened to the poles, which can be fixed with self-tapping screws.

This instruction is suitable for the manufacture of wooden stairs. But it is possible to distinguish the stages of work on the installation of a concrete meridian structure. This staircase has some special features.

• To begin with, you should decide on the exact number of front steps, and then proceed to the manufacture of formwork. When creating it, temporary strings should be provided. They will be needed in order to keep the load of concrete, because it is quite a heavy substance.

• It is necessary to lay reinforcement, which will form the shape of future steps.
• You can start mixing concrete solution. To do this, crushed stone, sand, cement. The solution is stirred. After that, it is necessary to add water and mix again for about 5 minutes.It is better to use a concrete mixer for these purposes.
• And, finally, you can start pouring stairs. You need to start from the bottom.
• After pouring, the steps must be carefully leveled. In the process of freezing, they need to be slightly moistened. Additional hydration will relieve cracking.

Often in the manufacture of zabezhnyh designs used and metal. They are made using profiles and sheet metal. But first you need to build a metal frame ladder. Prior to this, segments of the required length are prepared and are welded together in the shape of a future structure. Using the instructions listed above, it is possible to make a zabezhnaya design independently. This does not require particularly deep knowledge and skills in construction, but will have to spend a fair amount of time and effort.

Modern manufacturers today produce a huge variety of models of flight ladders, among which you can choose any, depending on individual preferences. Do not think that the purchase ladder will cost very expensive. There are ladders of completely different price categories, and many cheap ladders are not inferior in quality to expensive designs.

The materials used in the manufacture of stairs by large construction companies are incredibly wide and varied. In the current market one can even find glass stairs that have an incredibly aesthetic appearance.

So, zabezhnye stairs today are one of the most practical and convenient options for stair designs. They have a lot of positives, although you should not forget about the shortcomings. Many are attracted by the possibility of creating an original staircase on their own, without having professional skills and abilities. The main thing is to make the right design and calculations, as well as to purchase all the necessary materials and tools.

How to make a wooden staircase with your own hands, see the next video.