Gable roofs: types and stages of creation

On a variety of buildings you can see the roof with two slopes. It is chosen for no reason - it is a relatively simple and comfortable way to build a roof, reliable and beautiful in appearance. But there are many subtleties that builders and customers must take into account in its creation.

The stability of the walls and the strength of the foundation, the elegance of the designers' idea can bring joy only in one case - when the top does not “drip”. Technologists and engineers made a lot of effort, invented many options for roofing. But in terms of the ratio of pros and cons, one of the first places still turns out to be a classic pair of skates. These are two surfaces placed at an angle and having points of support on the bearing walls.The use of a gable roof is equally good both for the trade pavilion, and for a country cottage, and for an ordinary carport over the car or the entrance to the house.

From a similar roof, rainfall almost instantly flows down. The snow does not linger on it. And even the wind will not be able to expose the underlying parts of the roofing pie of sheds, sheds, hozblok.

Downstairs there can be a comfortable attic or even a full-fledged living attic with rooms of considerable size. Consumers can choose different designs, modify the length of the slopes and the slope of each of them.

Summer houses are supplied with gable roofs most often not only because of their resistance to weather conditions and comfort. The anti-vandal properties of such structures also favorably distinguish them against the background of others. Disadvantages are found only in the construction of mansards. Be sure to equip the dormer windows and reinforce the rafters. But even with these problems in mind, it is still this format that can be considered a universal type of roofing.

It is important to understand that the gable roof is not something single and monolithic, in fact, under this name hides a number of subspecies.

• Traditional symmetrical design (base - an isosceles triangle, the slope is exactly 45 degrees). It tolerates the pressure of snow and rain flows, but can not be used for the attic.

• Broken type increases the efficiency of use of the attic space. Top slopes are relatively flat, and below they are sharply inclined. The inevitable consequence of such a choice is the complication of the truss system.

• Roof without symmetry (such a "dvukhskatka" makes it possible to make only a limited attic area). The main motive for choosing is an extremely unusual appearance.

• Asymmetric multilevel (with different slopes) roof - in it the ridge is pushed aside from the center. The roof can serve as a shed for the veranda or even a terrace located near the house.

Most of the practically used structures have an inclination angle of at least 11 and no more than 45 degrees, because they are the most practical. In dry and warm climates, you can make the roof as flat as possible.

If the frequency of precipitation and their intensity are very high, then it will be necessary to construct a steeper roof. But again, she has her weak point - increased susceptibility to wind pressure.

Asymmetry, if it is thought out properly and embodied technically correctly, can become an attractive design solution. It has long been observed that the difference in the parameters of the slopes increases the snow and wind resistance of the house. On the walls, rafters and the foundation is slightly less than usual pressure. And asymmetrical roofs are still much more efficient solar panels. There is only one minus - design and work will have to be entrusted to professionals.

Many gable roofs are equipped with dormer windows, which increase the attractiveness of the structure. The image of the house as a whole becomes warmer, the building acquires unique features. In the gable roof windows are often put in the form of a quadrangle, although the number of forms is simply incalculable. Dormer windows are designed to replace the doors for access to the roof during repair, finishing and emergency work, in case of emergency.

The roof with three gables is mainly equipped on houses made in the shape of a square or a rectangle. With the equipment of the attic, a separate roof is placed on it, and you can choose any kind, including a broken one. For your information: the presence of three gables allows you to provide enhanced lighting attic floor.

Quite a lot of roofs are made with a protrusion - this element helps to organize visors, awnings and cornices. Roof with a valley is equipped in cases when it is necessary to ensure that skates, forming a negative angle, are connected to each other.

Such roofs can be made:

• in the shape of a cross;

• in the shape of the letter T;

• in the shape of the letter G.

Preparing a roof plan involves evaluating its top view., while taking into account all the dormer windows and dormer windows, the points of attachment of surfaces. Reflect in terms of the roof over the terraces and verandas, for each surface and parts you need to paint the size. The master plan is divided into elementary figures, it must indicate where the main rooms and extensions will be placed. Only by observing this condition can we guarantee that all nodes, endovy, protrusions perfectly fulfill their tasks.If the size of the runs changes, the angle at which the valley is tilted is adjusted.

Where such parts are located, the connected slopes are covered with an inseparable crate. When laying out waterproofing, it is recommended to place it in two layers, and then attach the valley to the screws. When the joints of the part are in the horizontal plane, the raid is at least 10 cm, and ideally 30 cm. If the ramp has only a slight tilt angle, it is advisable to use an additional layer of waterproofing. Under the metal tile put endova with self-expanding sealant.

A gable roof with a bay window may well be inexpensive and quite beautiful. This element is placed on the reinforcing belt; to make it, they usually do not put one of the rows of bricks or blocks during construction. The belt will not only support subrafter beams, but will also strengthen the wall and reduce the pressure on the lintels of the windows. The formwork can be made of old boards, and a welded network with 5x5 cm cells is used for the reinforcement itself.

The form with a displaced center is often chosen due to increased energy efficiency.This valuable property is harmoniously combined with visual appeal. Architects go for a variety of tricks, especially original designs were popular in the middle of the last century. The most radical experiments, of course, did not justify themselves, but solutions in which one slope is directed to the south, and differing from it by the angle of location or length — to the north. It is important not to forget in this kind of search that a careful calculation of wind and snow loads, the determination of the composition of the premises has not been canceled.

The original step is the imitation of the roof of the old Russian terem. Moreover, modern builders are much easier than their predecessors a few centuries ago. Both mathematics and effective computational programs come to the rescue, allowing you to calculate parameters as accurately as possible.

It is much more pleasant to put an attic under a raznoskatnaya roof than under a regular one.A dimly lit nook almost at the skate itself gives very few people joy, especially since sharply inclined slopes and sharp corners located inside and outside do not contribute to visual comfort. Instead of taking the lead from designers who creatively play around the simple type of a gable roof, it would be more correct to solve the problem radically. Roofing material with cut corners helps to close those places where you can not put full sheets or rolls.

A popular form of gable roofs is gables; rather, it would be to say that this is an assembly of several roofs, each of which covers individual parts of the house and is connected with the others mechanically. The advantage of this solution is that it allows you to create both dormer windows and balconies. In the terminology of roofers, “tongs” is, of course, referred to not as a metal tool with sharp grasping edges, but as pediments. The radical complication of the truss system is justified by external aesthetic appeal. To imagine how it all looks, you need to look at any image of an ancient castle.

The gable roof can be not only steep, but also flat. The increased steepness of the slope strengthens the structure and makes its sophisticated strengthening less relevant. The need for sawn timber is reduced, and therefore total costs are rising. But if in a particular area there is a high probability of storms and hurricanes, just strong winds, it is better to choose a more flattened version. At the same time, a completely flat roof (angle of inclination of 10 degrees or less) is also impractical - taking care of it, clearing snow from snow often becomes painful.

It is important to consider that when choosing heavyweight finishing materials (corrugated metal and metal tiles) to make an angle steeper than 45 degrees is not recommended. Then the usual mount will not be able to prevent them from slipping quickly along diagonal ramps. And you need to strengthen fasteners, put additional elements. As a result, there will be unnecessary expenses - and this is not one, and not even two thousand rubles (if you also take into account work, complicated design).

Save on the construction of a fully flat roof, too, will not work - under it will have to create a particularly strong system of rafters.

When the required level of the steepness of the roof, you need to deal with its basic elements. And paramount attention should be paid to such details as the mauerlat. This word builders call a stable structure, laid out around the perimeter of the walls and serves to secure the rafters. Mauerlat provides uniform to the limit the layout of the loads created by the overhang of the roof. It also prevents various mechanical effects to tear the roofing system from the walls.

Especially important are the protective characteristics of the power plate when it comes to counteracting wind gusts. Some masters and even architects consider it acceptable to construct roofs without this element, with direct connection of the rafters to the overlapping beams. But the simplicity of this design turns around the fact that 100% of the load is assembled monolithically on the rafters. If everything is done correctly, these impulses are spread over a much larger area.

Mauerlat can be made from:

• double tee;

• channel;

• coniferous timber.

The standard cross-section of the timber in such cases is 80x180, 100x100, 100x150, 150x150 or 200x200 mm. It is very simple to apply it, it is required only to put a bar under feet of rafters.

A gable roof over a lightweight frame house, which should not have to endure unnecessarily strong loads, can be put on the mauerlat from connected boards. Some developers add steel pipes attached to the ends of the support part. The structures used should have a maximum section that allows them to pass through the rafter holes. No less important is the increased strength, it is better to lay it with a margin. And you should not take pipes, if there is no certainty that they are made of high-quality steel.

The connection of the mauerlat to the wall is made in strict accordance with the technology that has been worked out for decades. It is rarely possible to abandon the reinforced belt. And even if the building itself is solid, stable, it is still necessary. When at the bottom there are walls of aerated concrete, it is worth spending time on laying out bricks or pouring simple concrete.These materials are less fragile and will avoid damage to the main part of the wall.

The size of the sealing belt is selected individually, taking into account the level of loads, including variables. But its width is always equal to at least the bearing walls.

The eaves (eaves overhang) must be present on any roof, and the gable is no exception. The purpose of this element is to block the water, which, when precipitation falls, tends to penetrate into the space under the roof. Importantly, the eaves are among the elements that complete the finish, and when it is hemmed, the internal components of the rafters are closed.

The frame (box) for the construction of the eaves is made of a flat board, not even containing single traces of bark and knots. An alternative to the bottom is the use of extension rafters fillies. You need to think about how to close the gables at least 50 cm.

Unstitched overhangs have found their main use in the process of working on a hip roof; hemmed type is most often used in combination with a gambrel roof that has two slopes. The shortened format is compatible with absolutely any kind of roofing.

Out of the main circuit has a visor. Such a solution will reliably cover the wall and base from precipitation. It is also easy for people to hide there: even if it is raining with a stormy wall, under the part of the roof pushed forward is always dry and comfortable.

Calculations of architects and engineers show that the removal of 150 cm allows the wall to remain dry regardless of the intensity and duration of the shower. But this is not the limit: the technical capabilities of modern builders allow us to construct visors twice as large. Such designs are used mainly as organizers of terraces. On the hottest and hottest day, the overhang casts a shadow that protects the plants from the heat. You should not try to make such long visors on your own, responsibility is too great.

The structure of the gable roof in the section can not be considered studied thoroughly, if not to mention the inclined elements of the truss system.The slopes have struts firmly attached to the vertical racks. Boards for rafters cross-section less than 5 cm is not recommended, and the width of the material is determined by its length. When calculating every detail, pay attention to how great the risk of its deflection is under the action of a regular load. Insulated gable roof implies such an arrangement of truss legs, which requires a minimum number of cuts on the insulating material.

Despite the presence of a wide range of roofing materials, a considerable part of developers unconditionally trusts the construction of sheets. No wonder: it is he who combines the two qualities that painfully tried to dock for many centuries - high strength and aesthetic perfection. Russians especially appreciate the corrugated board and for its resistance to the action of snow and ice, for the minimum accumulation of solid precipitation on the surface. In addition to improve the design characteristics of the roof of the professional sheet will help the choice of blocks of two dissimilar colors.

It should be noted that even quickly dropping down raindrops still produce a fair amount of noise. So that those who live in the house do not feel themselves at such moments as inhabitants of a giant drum, they will have to pay some amount for the purchase of noise insulation. When the clouds go away and the sun peeps out, another problem arises - strong heat. To sunbathe, you need to take a soft fabric lining and walk in shoes everywhere. And if the professional sheet is damaged, corrosion will spread inside at an amazing speed.

Typical fastening of a sheet implies its fastening to the substrate on 7 to 8 self-tapping screws. These fasteners are arranged in a checkerboard style, so the design of the roof is kept stronger. It is prohibited to use nails for joining profiled sheeting, otherwise it will fly with the first strong wind. Skates are pressed with screws to the tops of the corrugations every 3.5 - 4 cm. The ends should be covered with wind bars, screwing the same screws with a step of 50 cm.

Important: working with a gable roof will have to be very careful, this is an extremely dangerous type of repair. Even if the steepness of the slopes is small, and complete calm is indicated in the weather forecast, it is impossible to climb up without a safety belt tied to stable parts of buildings.All manipulations with the professional sheet are performed exclusively with gloves, you can not press it to yourself or to others.

It is prohibited:

• throw off the damaged sheets from above, even warning about it (scattering is unpredictable);
• leave the tool unattended;

• touch a professional sheet and carry out any work with him without working clothes and goggles;
• bend the sheets.

The gable roof of polycarbonate is equipped almost exclusively over greenhouses and other minor buildings. But even this circumstance and high transparency of polycarbonate does not give the right to treat its installation lightly! The advantages of such a coating are ease of machining and excellent strength, a variety of design elements. The absolute exclusion of corrosion and bacterial contamination will also please. For installation, it is necessary to take special-cut screws, which are able to compensate for the intense thermal expansion of polycarbonate.

The monolithic appearance of the coating with a thickness of 1.2 cm is recognized as anti-vandal: a blow of a large hammer leaves no visible damage with great force. Resistance to snow and wind will also be a tangible plus.

Cellular variety can not boast of such mechanical parameters, but it is much easier. The rafter frame under both types of polycarbonate is created primarily from wood.

Honeycomb sheets are used for arched and domed structures, and if you need to make an arch of considerable radius, you will have to additionally install:

• supports;
• struts;
• profile stiffening ribs.

Straight polycarbonate roofs are built over open terraces, gazebos and small garden houses. Rafters for them are made of boards with a thickness of 4 cm. Mandatory processing of wood antiseptic composition and flame retardants. But staining in one way or another is left to the discretion of the homeowners themselves.

Much more often than polycarbonate, roofs are built from wooden beams.The most common sizes of its blocks are 5, 8, 7-meter variants. It is logical to use similar structures on houses, which are generally made of timber - this will provide the perfect combination. It must be remembered that the high mechanical stability of such a material does not mean that it is permissible to load it with excessive mass.Therefore, the first step in calculating the structure is to find out what the level of overloads can be. The side bars are strung out on the top row - due to this the pressure from the rafter lags is reduced.

The screed will have to be made with parts measuring 15x10 cm. Siding is also used in the decoration of gable roofs (more precisely, their gables). Metal profiles are actively used as the main finishing material. Choosing it, you need to check the ratio of the width of the lower shelves and the ridge (if the ridge is smaller, the water flow will be more active). You should also evaluate how correctly the side gutters are exposed, whether they are broken. Marking is another important point: the profile for walls and fences is not suitable for riding work.

When working with a gable roof, it is necessary to use additional elements.

When the metal tile is used, they solve three main tasks at once:

• the formation of a single whole instead of scattered blocks;
• prevention of the penetration of moisture and foreign substances into the intervals of the profile sheets;
• improving the decorative qualities of the coating.

The most important detail of a tile roof of the modern sample is the ridge, which provides docking skates, rushing at an angle to each other. If there is no such plank, they are in different planes and there is a gap through which precipitation and wind can penetrate. On a metal tile, skates are most often put in the form of a semicircle with a radius of 7-12.5 cm. A more universal solution is the use of a trapezoid or figured design. In the latter two cases, the wing can be taken out by 15-30 cm, focusing on the shape of the roof and the slope of the slopes; the horse itself has a length of 200 cm in any configuration.

In addition to the ridge, you will need other details to help complete the construction of the top node of the roof. The blanking covers (flat, tapered or in the form of a tent) are used exclusively for semi-circular skates. With their help, the birds are blocked from visiting the under-roof space, and it is possible to avoid its clogging.

The sealing backing under the metal tile helps to ensure a particularly tight pressure profile against the base of the roof. Due to this, both rattling sounds and water penetration into the under-roof space are excluded.

On a sloping gable roof, it is necessary to use the valley ends, placed in negative corners. They will receive rainfall from closely located slopes and direct them to the drain.The internal bar is placed under the metal tile or other profile sheet. The outer one is placed on the already formed roof, and this detail must be elegant externally - otherwise it will not fulfill its function. The face or wind level is usually similar to a profile sheet bent in length; it joins the ends of the gabled nodes.

Kapelnik and eaves plank are closely interrelated and act as additional parts of the drain system. The junction points of the junction provide a bond between the roof covering and the elements protruding beyond its contour. Even if there are no chimneys, there will definitely be antennas, intersections with walls, and so on. In Russian conditions, it will not be possible to do without snow holders. Saving on any components of the roof leads to serious losses.

A metal roof with lightning protection is the only practical option. Protection against lightning is achieved by using special lightning receivers made by a pin or cable technology. It is advisable to consult with experts to ensure the reliability of electrical contact of the roof throughout its length.The truss system as a whole and every wooden fragment separately is always treated with refractory reagents. The cost of such processing is relatively small, while it allows you to minimize the likelihood of roof fire.

Often create a gable roof of the profile pipe.

For the most part, these elements are sheds over:

• parking place;
• outdoor recreation area and barbecue;
• swimming pool;
• the terrace.

The pipe allows you to create a perfectly strong frame, and the professional sheet or polycarbonate is mounted on it. As a working platform, it is recommended to choose a flat piece of soil. Covering this place with concrete or tiles will improve the decorative qualities, and placing it on an elevated site will help to get rid of problems with drainage.

The cross section of the profile pipe is determined by how large the structure is formed. If you take a profile of 6x6 cm, it will be bad to keep canopies wider than 4 m and longer than 6 m.It is not necessary to choose round pipes for columns - if the parts are joined at a right angle, square blocks will be even more practical. In addition to bolts and welding, for the mechanical binding of parts can be used clamps and thread. Self-staining is no worse than the brand, but at 30-40% cheaper.

Some home craftsmen and even professionals believe that the roof of the attic will most likely be sheathed with clapboard. The advantages of this material are its environmental safety, comfortable price and excellent appearance.

Cedar wood has a great visual texture, in addition it is also the most beneficial to health.

The pine massif is strong and reliable, somewhat cheaper than billets made of cedar.

You should also think about pine, oak, spruce or larch - each of these options has its advantages.

The calculation of the height of the roof is very important, and if you make a mistake with the definition of the dimensions of the ridge, you can encounter problems when using.

Whether the roof will be low or large depends on many subtleties and nuances:

• climatic parameters of the area;
• the organization of the attic under the roof or lack thereof;
• type of flooring material.

The heavier the coating being created, the more steep its installation should be. When the size of a single element decreases, the ridge rises higher. But we must not forget that raising a skate inevitably entails expenses, and the amount of expenses is growing rapidly. Residential attic or actively operated attic on sanitary standards can not be less than 150 cm in height and 120 cm in length. An exception is made only for very complex structures.

We must not forget about various kinds of regulatory documents - they can be useful even for private builders. Before performing the calculation of the dimensions, it will be necessary to examine the entire surface of the roof and walls, measure out the necessary sections with a tape measure - it is not always possible to rely on the accuracy of the documentation for the house.

The layout of 6x9 houses implies that the largest room is given under the living room, a bedroom is placed on the corner, and a combined bathroom is located next to it. Each of these premises has its optimum height, which directly affects the height of the mounted roof. The same principle should be followed in houses 6x6 and 10x10 m.

When calculating the angle of inclination (both minimum slope and optimal), one should take into account the effect of squeezing wind, melting snow and water, dry and wet snow, and ice.

The ideal solution for a gable roof are considered to be average values ​​from 20 to 35 degrees. It is impossible to lay slate at an angle less than 20 degrees, for a metal tile this parameter is 14 degrees. Decking can be positioned at a slope of 12 degrees, and for flat materials, simple even planes are suitable.

To calculate the wood for the construction of the roof can not be, if not taken into account:

• material;
• climate;
• the size of the beams.

Mauerlatas are easy to calculate, as they are placed around the perimeter; for rafters, the key will be the length. The contra lattice is made of bars of 20-50 mm thick, the total footage is equal to the length of the required bar. The lathing is calculated taking into account the chosen roofing material. Formulas with which you can calculate the area (calculate square meters) are selected in accordance with the basic geometric shapes. Total figures always include ventilation holes, roof windows and chimney pipes.

Also pay attention to:

• plane overhangs;
• railings and barriers;
• firewalls and so on.

It is possible to design the height of the skate, taking into account the required aesthetics, architectural features and technical parameters of the house. Usually enough height of 3, 4 m, it allows you to organize quite a decent attic or attic.

A house with a rectangle or square at its base is easily calculated. For example, below - a rectangle, and the roof is required to cover with roofing material by 100%.We take a height of 250 cm with a width of 9 m at one wall and 10 m at the other.

The area of ​​the roof slopes (rectangles) is calculated by multiplying the length by the width. Another necessary parameter is calculated by the Pythagorean theorem. Let it be equal (conditional example) 6 m. Then the total area is (9x6) x2, that is 108 square meters. m. The number of cases where the total amount of skates is limited to 40 square meters. m, very little, and for the most part on the homes of the roof is much more significant. A similar scheme is calculated and the need for DSP.

Having calculated the general parameters of the gable roof, you need to deal with the rafter systems used. There are only two main formats: trailing and oblique.

Suspended rafters can be used if the walls are separated from each other by a maximum of 10 m. At the same time, one more supporting wall should not separate them.

The suspended construction is more complicated, but it is much more reliable to use it than the suspended one.

It is quite simple to build a stepped gable roof. It is best to entrust the drawing up of the drawing to the professionals, because only they know all the subtleties and nuances. Correctly making a power plate, laying it with a brick wall on three sides, will help to increase stability in general.The ridge is recommended to be constructed of strong wood, because it directly affects the coherence and reliability of the structure. To reduce the harmful effects of precipitation can be, if during installation to extend the rafters and form overhangs.

The scheme of the batten provided by the technology is formed from narrow oblong bars or rails. It is advisable to reduce the gap between them - by observing such a requirement in the manufacture of a structure, it is possible to reduce the risk of damage to the roof. What is important, a properly formed lathing allows you to move yourself along the surface during construction in order to put additional elements or to sew up parts of the roof with a finishing layer. Diagonal elements of the construction is best to put together with groove connections. Some builders use a similar method to fasten mutually perpendicular blocks.

It is important to remember when it is time to draw a plan that the groove joints deprive parts of the necessary strength. And because the construction according to the instructions allows them only where there is no special load, besides the node will not be responsible; parts can also be joined using steel plates and corners.This arrangement is easy and simple, but we must remember that with a significant angular load the screws can be loosened. Because the work of the rules often consists in the formation of those compounds that are required in a particular place. When mounting the roof in stages, sheathing with a soffit turns out to be the most practical way of organizing overhangs and curtain rods.

Variants of the facade of a two-story brick house with a balcony can be very different. The green roof is in harmony with the white walls, with splashes of unfinished brick placed on a small space. It is not simple and original.

A modern unusual one-storey house with a terrace under a single gable roof is shown in this photo. A kind of “ledge” is an extremely attractive solution; Most likely, many will enjoy the harmony of contrasting colors.

To learn how to build a gable roof, see the following video.